VAN DOREN / ADLER READING LIST

• Homer – Iliad; Odyssey
• Aeschylus – Tragedies (The Oresteia, Agamemnon, Prometheus Unbound)
• Sophocles – Tragedies (Antigone, Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus)
• Herodotus – The Histories
• Euripides – Tragedies Alcestis, Medea, Hippolytus, Trojan Women, Electra, Baccae, Iphigenia(
• Thucydides – History of the Peloponnesian War, The Trial and Death of Socrates
• Hippocrates – Medical Writings
• Aristophanes – Comedies (The Birds, The Clouds)
• Plato – Republic, The Trial and Death of Socrates , Dialogues
• Aristotle – Works, Ethics, Politics, Poetics, Physics, Metaphysics
• Epicurus – "Letter to Herodotus"; "Letter to Menoecus"
• Krishnadaipayan Vyasa - Mahabharata (300BC-300AD) (incl. Bhagavad Gita)
  
• Euclid – Elements
• Archimedes – Works
• Apollonius – Conics
• Cicero – Works (esp. Orations; On Friendship; On Old Age; Republic; Laws; Tusculan Disputations; Offices)
• Lucretius – On the Nature of Things
• Virgil – Works (esp. Aeneid)
• Horace – Works (esp. Odes and Epodes; The Art of Poetry)
• Livy – History of Rome
• Ovid – Works (esp. Metamorphoses)
• Quintilian – Institutes of Oratory
• Plutarch – Parallel Lives; The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, Moralia
• Tacitus – Histories; Annals; Agricola; Germania; Dialogus de oratoribus (Dialogue on Oratory)
• Nicomachus of Gerasa – Introduction to Arithmetic
• Epictetus – Discourses; Enchiridion
• Ptolemy – Almagest
• Lucian – Works (esp. The Way to Write History; The True History; The Sale of Creeds; Alexander the Oracle Monger; Charon; The Sale of Lives; The Fisherman; Dialogue of the Gods; Dialogues of the Sea-Gods; Dialogues of the Dead)
• Marcus Aurelius – (121-180)Meditations
• Galen – On the Natural Faculties
• Plotinus – The Enneads
• St. Augustine – "On the Teacher"; Confessions; City of God; On Christian Doctrine
• The Volsungs Saga or Nibelungenlied
• The Song of Roland
• The Saga of Burnt Njál
• Maimonides – The Guide for the Perplexed
• St. Thomas Aquinas – Of Being and Essence; Summa Contra Gentiles; Of the Governance of Rulers; Summa Theologica
• Dante Alighieri – The New Life (La Vita Nuova); "On Monarchy"; Divine Comedy
• Geoffrey Chaucer – Troilus and Criseyde; The Canterbury Tales
• Thomas à Kempis – The Imitation of Christ
• Leonardo da Vinci – Notebooks
• Niccolò Machiavelli – The Prince; Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy
• Desiderius Erasmus – The Praise of Folly; Colloquies
• Nicolaus Copernicus – On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
• Thomas More – Utopia
• Martin Luther – (1483-1546) 95 Treatises, Catechisms, On the Jews and their Lies
• François Rabelais – Gargantua and Pantagruel
• John Calvin – Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Michel de Montaigne – Essays
• William Gilbert – On the Lodestone and Magnetic Bodies
• Miguel de Cervantes – Don Quixote
• Edmund Spenser – Prothalamion; The Faerie Queene
• Francis Bacon – Essays; The Advancement of Learning; Novum Organum; New Atlantis
• William Shakespeare – Poetry and Plays
• Galileo Galilei – Starry Messenger; Two New Sciences
• Johannes Kepler – The Epitome of Copernican Astronomy; Harmonices Mundi
• William Harvey – On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals; On the Circulation of the Blood; Generation of Animals
• Grotius – The Law of War and Peace
• Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan; Elements of Philosophy
• René Descartes – Rules for the Direction of the Mind; Discourse on the Method; Geometry; Meditations on First Philosophy; Principles of Philosophy; The Passions of the Soul
• Corneille – Tragedies (esp. The Cid, Cinna)
• John Milton – Works (esp. the minor poems; Areopagitica; Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes)
• Molière – Comedies (esp. The Miser; The School for Wives; The Misanthrope; The Doctor in Spite of Himself; Tartuffe; The Tradesman Turned Gentleman; The Imaginary Invalid; The Affected Ladies)
• Blaise Pascal – The Provincial Letters; Pensées; Scientific Treatises
• John Bunyan - The Pilgrim's Progress
• Boyle – The Sceptical Chymist
• Christiaan Huygens – Treatise on Light
• Benedict de Spinoza – Political Treatises; Ethics
• John Locke – A Letter Concerning Toleration; Of Civil Government; An Essay Concerning Human Understanding; Some Thoughts Concerning Education
• Jean Baptiste Racine – Tragedies (esp. Andromache; Phaedra; Athalie (Athaliah))
• Isaac Newton – Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy; Opticks
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – Discourse on Metaphysics; New Essays on Human Understanding; Monadology
• Daniel Defoe – Robinson Crusoe; Moll Flanders
• Jonathan Swift – The Battle of the Books; A Tale of a Tub; A Journal to Stella; Gulliver's Travels; A Modest Proposal
• William Congreve – The Way of the World
• K"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley"\o"GeorgeBerkeley"George Berkeley – A New Theory of Vision; A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
• Alexander Pope – An Essay on Criticism; The Rape of the Lock; An Essay on Man
• Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu – Persian Letters; The Spirit of the Laws
• Voltaire – Letters on the English; Candide; Philosophical Dictionary
• Henry Fielding – Joseph Andrews; Tom Jones
• Samuel Johnson – The Vanity of Human Wishes; Dictionary; Rasselas; Lives of the Poets
• David Hume – A Treatise of Human Nature; Essays Moral and Political; An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; History of England
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau – Discourse on Inequality; On Political Economy; Emile: or, On Education; The Social Contract; Confessions
• Laurence Sterne – Tristram Shandy; A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy
• Adam Smith – The Theory of Moral Sentiments; The Wealth of Nations
• William Blackstone – Commentaries on the Laws of England
• Immanuel Kant – Critique of Pure Reason; Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals; Critique of Practical Reason; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics; The Science of Right; Critique of Judgment; Perpetual Peace
• Edward Gibbon – The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Autobiography
• James Boswell – Journal; The Life of Samuel Johnson
• Antoine Laurent Lavoisier – Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry)
• Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison – Federalist Papers (together with the Articles of Confederation; United States Constitution and United States Declaration of Independence)
• Jeremy Bentham – Comment on the Commentaries; Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation; Theory of Fictions
• Johann Wolfgang Goethe – Faust; Poetry and Truth
• Thomas Robert Malthus – An Essay on the Principle of Population
• John Dalton – A New System of Chemical Philosophy
• Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier – Analytical Theory of Heat
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – The Phenomenology of Spirit; Science of Logic; Elements of the Philosophy of Right; Lectures on the Philosophy of History
• William Wordsworth – Poems (esp. Lyrical Ballads; Lucy poems; sonnets; The Prelude)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge – Poems (esp. Kubla Khan; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ); Biographia Literaria
• David Ricardo – On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
• Jane Austen – Pride and Prejudice; Emma
• Carl von Clausewitz – On War
• Stendhal – The Red and the Black; The Charterhouse of Parma; On Love
• François Guizot – History of Civilization in France
• Lord Byron – Don Juan
• Arthur Schopenhauer – Studies in Pessimism
• Michael Faraday – The Chemical History of a Candle; Experimental Researches in Electricity
• Nikolai Lobachevsky – Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels
• Charles Lyell – Principles of Geology
• Auguste Comte – The Positive Philosophy
• Honoré Balzac – Works (esp. Le Père Goriot; Le Cousin Pons; Eugénie Grandet; Cousin Bette; César Birotteau)
• Ralph Waldo Emerson – Representative Men; Essays; Journal
• Victor Hugo - Les Misérables
• Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter
• Alexis de Tocqueville – Democracy in America
• John Stuart Mill – A System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government; Utilitarianism; The Subjection of Women; Autobiography
• Charles Darwin – On the Origin of Species; The Descent of Man; Autobiography
• William Makepeace Thackeray – Works (esp. Vanity Fair; The History of Henry Esmond; The Virginians; Pendennis)
• Charles Dickens – Works (esp. Pickwick Papers; Our Mutual Friend; David Copperfield; Dombey and Son; Oliver Twist; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times)
• Claude Bernard – Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
• George Boole – The Laws of Thought
• Henry David Thoreau – Civil Disobedience; Walden
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – Das Kapital (Capital); The Communist Manifesto
• George Eliot – Adam Bede; Middlemarch
• Herman Melville – Typee; Moby-Dick; Billy Budd
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky – Crime and Punishment; The Idiot; The Brothers Karamazov
• Gustave Flaubert – Madame Bovary; Three Stories
• Henry Thomas Buckle – A History of Civilization in England
• Francis Galton – Inquiries into Human Faculties and Its Development
• K"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann"\o"BernhardRiemann"Bernhard Riemann – The Hypotheses of Geometry
• Henrik Ibsen – Plays (esp. Peer Gynt; Brand; Hedda Gabler; Emperor and Galilean; A Doll's House; The Wild Duck; The Master Builder)
• Leo Tolstoy – War and Peace; Anna Karenina; "What Is Art?"; Twenty-Three Tales
• Richard Dedekind – Theory of Numbers
• Wilhelm Wundt – Physiological Psychology; Outline of Psychology
• Mark Twain – The Innocents Abroad; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court; The Mysterious Stranger
• Henry Adams – History of the United States; Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres; The Education of Henry Adams; Degradation of Democratic Dogma
• Charles Peirce – Chance, Love, and Logic; Collected Papers
• William Sumner – Folkways
• Oliver Wendell Holmes – The Common Law; Collected Legal Papers
• William James – The Principles of Psychology; The Varieties of Religious Experience; Pragmatism; A Pluralistic Universe; Essays in Radical Empiricism
• Henry James – The American; The Ambassadors
• Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche – Thus Spoke Zarathustra; Beyond Good and Evil; On the Genealogy of Morality; The Will to Power; Twilight of the Idols; The Antichrist
• Jules Henri Poincaré – Science and Hypothesis; Science and Method; The Foundations of Science
• George Bernard Shaw – Plays and Prefaces
• Max Planck – Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory; Where Is Science Going?; Scientific Autobiography
• Henri Bergson – Time and Free Will; Matter and Memory; Creative Evolution; The Two Sources of Morality and Religion
• John Dewey – How We Think; Democracy and Education; Experience and Nature; The Quest for Certainty; Logic – The Theory of Inquiry
• Alfred North Whitehead – A Treatise on Universal Algebra; An Introduction to Mathematics; Science and the Modern World; Process and Reality; The Aims of Education and Other Essays; Adventures of Ideas
• George Santayana – The Life of Reason; Scepticism and Animal Faith; The Realms of Being (which discusses the Realms of Essence, Matter and Truth); Persons and Places
• Vladimir Lenin – Imperialism; The State and Revolution
• Marcel Proust – In Search of Lost Time (formerly translated as Remembrance of Things Past)
• Bertrand Russell – Principles of Mathematics; The Problems of Philosophy; Principia Mathematica; The Analysis of Mind; An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth; Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits
• James Joyce – "The Dead" in Dubliners; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses
• Jacques Maritain – Art and Scholasticism; The Degrees of Knowledge; Freedom and the Modern World; A Preface to Metaphysics; The Rights of Man and Natural Law; True Humanism
• Arnold J. Toynbee – A Study of History; Civilization on Trial
• Jean-Paul Sartre – Nausea; No Exit; Being and Nothingness
• Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn – The Gulag Archipelago; 200 Years Together; The First Circle; A Day in the life of Ivan Denisovich